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When Cowboys Were King in Western Features Forum. Duane F,Good heads- up! Features interviews with Bruce Dern, Carroll Baker, Ernest Borgnine, John Ritter, Ricardo Montalban, and Tom Selleck. Filled with classic clips from the '2. There was a time when a trip to the movies was an event, when the double feature was a staple of every kid's Saturday, when popcorn cost a nickel and the flickering lights of the movie palaces conjured up celluloid dreams. The heroes wore white hats, the villains black, the saloon doors were always swinging and the showdowns took place at high noon. WHEN COWBOYS WERE KING saddles up for a nostalgic ride through movie history, reliving and reveling in the glory days of the Western. WHEN COWBOYS WERE KING: Boss of Bullion City (Johnny Mack Brown, 1940), Feud of the West (Hoot Gibson, 1936), Pocatello Kid (Ken Maynard, 1931), The Lion’s Den (Tim. Get this from a library! When cowboys were king. Get more information about Time Machine: When Cowboys Were King on TMDb. With the help of cinema buffs, famous critics and a parade of stars, we'll follow the once- dominant genre from the days of the Thomas Edison Studios to Tom Mix, Hoot Gibson, Gene Autry and the Singing Cowboys. Crammed with clips, it's a film- buff's dream and a captivating introduction to a vanished era of moviemaking. Robot Check. Enter the characters you see below. Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies. Time Machine: When Cowboys Were King (2003 TV Movie) Release Info. It looks like we don't have any release dates for this title yet. Rent Time Machine: When Cowboys Were King (2003) and other Movies & TV Shows on Blu-ray & DVD. Time Machine: When Cowboys Were King Releasedatum: 2003-01-01 Status: Released Producent : Lou Reda Productions, Michael S. Phases of clinical trials . It has information about. What trial phases are. Clinical trials are divided into different stages, called phases. The earliest phase trials may look at whether a drug is safe or the side effects it causes. Secukinumab in Plaque Psoriasis — Results of Two Phase 3 Trials. Langley, M.D., Boni E. Elewski, M.D., Mark Lebwohl, M.D., Kristian Reich, M.D., Ph.D., Christopher E.M. George Zimmerman has not seen his last courtroom. There are at least three other legal actions possible involving the man acquitted of killing Trayvon Martin—two of which would see Zimmerman again in the role of defendant. A later phase trial aims to test whether a new treatment is better than existing treatments. There are 3 main phases of clinical trials – phases 1 to 3. But some trials have an earlier stage called phase 0, and there are some phase 4 trials done after a drug has been licensed. The Three Trials of Faith Eli Ben Israel. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe 6,479 6K. Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question. Phase I: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the. Transforming century-old court transcripts, newspaper accounts, various letters and telegrams — to say nothing of epigrams — into one of the most riveting and theatrical pieces of theater currently on the boards, writer. Three Lakes Horse Trials. Three Lakes Horse Trials at Caudle Ranch is an equestrian venue that offers. Phase 0 trials. Phase 1 trials are usually the earliest trials of drugs in people. But your doctor might ask if you would like to join a phase 0 study. These studies aim to find out if a drug behaves in the way researchers expect it to from their laboratory studies. Phase 0 studies usually only involve a small number of people and they only have a very small dose of a drug. The dose of the drug is too small to treat your cancer, but the types of things researchers are looking for include. Whether the drug reaches the cancer. How the drug behaves in the body. How cancer cells in the body respond to the drug. You might have extra scans and give extra samples of blood and cancer tissue (biopsies) to help the researchers work out what is happening. Because the dose of the drug used in phase 0 trials is so small you won’t benefit from the drug. But you are also less likely to have side effects. The main aim of these studies is to speed up the development of promising new drugs. Testing them in very small doses in humans rather than in animals can be more reliable and means scientists get useful information more quickly. Phase 1 trials. Phase 1 is sometimes written as phase I. They are usually small trials, recruiting only a few patients. The trial may be open to people with any type of cancer. When laboratory testing shows that a new treatment might help treat cancer, phase 1 trials are done to find out. How much of the drug is safe to give. What the side effects are. How the body copes with the drug. If the treatment shrinks the cancer. Patients are recruited very slowly onto phase 1 trials. So although they don't recruit many patients they can take a long time to complete. The first few patients to take part (called a cohort or group) are given a very small dose of the drug. If all goes well, the next group have a slightly higher dose. The dose is gradually increased with each group. The researchers monitor the effect of the drug until they find the best dose to give. This is called a dose escalation study. In a phase 1 trial you may have lots of blood tests because the researchers look at how the drug affects you. They also look at how your body copes with, and gets rid of the drug. They record any side effects. People taking part in phase 1 trials often have advanced cancer. They have usually had all the treatment available to them. They may benefit from the new treatment in the trial but many won't. Phase 1 trials aim to look at doses and side effects. This work has to be done first, before we can test the potential new treatment to see if it works. Phase 2 trials. Not all treatments tested in a phase 1 trial make it to a phase 2 trial. Phase 2 is sometimes written as phase II. These trials may be for people who all have the same type of cancer or for people who have different types of cancer. Phase 2 trials aim to find out. If the new treatment works well enough to test in a larger phase 3 trial. Which types of cancer the treatment works for. More about side effects and how to manage them. More about the best dose to use. Although these treatments have been tested in phase 1 trials, you may still have side effects that the doctors don't know about. Drugs can affect people in different ways. Phase 2 trials are often larger than phase 1. There may be up to 1. Sometimes in a phase 2 trial, a new treatment is compared with another treatment already in use, or with a dummy drug (placebo). If the results of phase 2 trials show that a new treatment may be as good as existing treatment, or better, it then moves into phase 3. Some phase 2 trials are randomised. This means the researchers put the people taking part into treatment groups at random. Find out about randomised trials. Phase 3 trials. These trials compare new treatments with the best currently available treatment (the standard treatment). Phase 3 is sometimes written as phase III. These trials may compare. A completely new treatment with the standard treatment. Different doses or ways of giving a standard treatment. A new way of giving radiotherapy with the standard way. Phase 3 trials usually involve many more patients than phase 1 or 2. This is because differences in success rates may be small. So, the trial needs many patients to be able to show the difference. One example could be that 6 out of 1. If there were 5. 0 people in the new treatment group and 5. The 2 groups would not look that different. But if the researchers gave each treatment to 5,0. Sometimes phase 3 trials involve thousands of patients in many different hospitals and even different countries. Most phase 3 trials are randomised. This means the researchers put the people taking part into treatment groups at random. See our information about randomised trials. Phase 4 trials. Phase 4 trials are done after a drug has been shown to work and has been granted a licence. Phase 4 is sometimes written as phase IV. The main reasons for running phase 4 trials are to find out. More about the side effects and safety of the drug. What the long term risks and benefits are. How well the drug works when it’s used more widely. We have information about how drugs are licensed. Trials covering more than one phase. Most trials are just one phase. But some trials cover more than one phase. For example, the same trial can include both phase 1 and phase 2. The aim of phase 1 might be to work out the highest safe dose of a new drug. And the aim of phase 2 might be to see how well that dose works. So you may see trials written as phase 1/2 or phase 2/3. Multi- arm multi- stage (MAMS) trials. Many trials look at just one new treatment. But some trials compare several treatments. The people taking part are still put into groups at random but there may be 3 or more treatment groups. This is a multi- arm trial. Some trials are designed so that they stop recruiting into a particular group if early results show that a treatment isn’t working as well as the others, or is causing more side effects. This is called a multi- arm multi- stage (MAMS) trial. A MAMS trial may also be able to add new groups to look at more treatments. Related information. What trials are. How to find a trial. Randomised trials. Grace Community Church . Jesus was then condemned by His own words and sent to Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, for sentencing. The Jews pressed charges of blasphemy. Ignoring the evidence, the guards even mocked Him, telling Him to . In increasing severity, Peter denied Jesus to a servant girl privately, to the same girl publicly, and finally with cursing and swearing to a group of others standing around him (Mark 1. Would we respond in failure, like Peter, when our Lord is unpopular with others, or would we stand up like some Christians in Syria today, with grave plots already purchased, but exclaiming, . They even had the same name. The meaning of the name Barabbas is the . Jesus answered our question of ? Are we going to believe His claims and identify with Christ, or ignore Him before men? 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Adolf Hitler's and Hermann Goering's plans to destroy the Royal Air Force to allow an invasion of Britain were failing, and in response to an RAF raid on Berlin, which itself was prompted by an accidental German bombing of London, they changed their tactics to the sustained bombing of civilian targets. Between 7 September 1. May 1. 94. 1, 1. 6 British cities suffered aerial raids with at least 1. Over a period of 2. London was attacked 7. Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth eight times, Bristol six, Glasgow five, Southampton four, Portsmouth and Hull three and a minimum of one large raid on eight other cities. This was a result of a rapid escalation starting on 2. Search for 'Blitz' on Amazon.com. Title: Blitz (2011) 6.2 /10. Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Blitz (2011) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Blitz Paintball, the jewel of the Rocky Mountain region! 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August 1. 94. 0, when night bombers aiming for RAF airfields drifted off course and accidentally destroyed several London homes, killing civilians, combined with the UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill's retaliatory bombing of Berlin on the following night. The main Atlantic sea port of Liverpool was bombed, causing nearly 4,0. Merseyside area during the war. Birmingham and Coventry were chosen because of the Spitfire and tank factories in Birmingham and the many munitions factories in Coventry. The city centre of Coventry was almost destroyed, as was Coventry Cathedral. The bombing failed to demoralise the British into surrender or significantly damage the war economy. By May 1. 94. 1, the threat of an invasion of Britain had ended, and Hitler's attention turned to Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. In comparison to the later Allied bombing campaign against Germany, the Blitz resulted in relatively few casualties; the British bombing of Hamburg in July 1. Blitz. Several reasons have been suggested for the failure of the German air offensive. The Luftwaffe High Command (Oberkommando der Luftwaffe, OKL) did not develop a strategy for destroying British war industry; instead of maintaining pressure on any of them, it frequently switched from one type of industry to another. Neither was the Luftwaffe equipped to carry out strategic bombing; the lack of a heavy bomber and poor intelligence on British industry denied it the ability to prevail. Background. The Luftwaffe and strategic bombing. In the 1. 92. 0s and 1. Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and communications could be destroyed, effectively taking away their means to resist. It was also thought the bombing of residential centres would cause a collapse of civilian will, which might have led to the collapse of production and civil life. Democracies, where the populace was allowed to show overt disapproval of the ruling government, were thought particularly vulnerable. This thinking was prevalent in both the RAF and what was then known as the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) between the two world wars. RAF Bomber Command's policy in particular would attempt to achieve victory through the destruction of civilian will, communications and industry. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did not believe that air power alone could be decisive. Contrary to popular belief, the Luftwaffe did not have a systematic policy of what became known as . Evidence suggests that the Luftwaffe did not adopt an official bombing policy in which civilians became the primary target until 1. It could be claimed civilians were not to be targeted directly, but the breakdown of production would affect their morale and will to fight. German legal scholars of the 1. While direct attacks against civilians were ruled out as . Some argued along the lines of the British and Americans. Wever outlined five key points to air strategy: To destroy the enemy air force by bombing its bases and aircraft factories, and defeating enemy air forces attacking German targets. To prevent the movement of large enemy ground forces to the decisive areas by destroying railways and roads, particularly bridges and tunnels, which are indispensable for the movement and supply of forces. To support the operations of the army formations, independent of railways, i. To support naval operations by attacking naval bases, protecting Germany's naval bases and participating directly in naval battles. To paralyse the enemy armed forces by stopping production in the armaments factories. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General Staff studies in those subjects fell by the wayside, and the Air Academies focused on tactics, technology, and operational planning, rather than on independent strategic air offensives. The failure to implement his vision for the new Luftwaffe was largely attributable to his immediate successors. Ex- Army personnel Albert Kesselring and Hans- J. However, it would seem the two most prominent enthusiasts for the focus on ground- support operations (direct or indirect) were actually Hugo Sperrle and Hans Jeschonnek. These men were long- time professional airmen involved in German air services since early in their careers. The Luftwaffe was not pressured into ground support operations because of pressure from the army, or because it was led by ex- army personnel. It was instead a mission that suited the Luftwaffe's existing approach to warfare; a culture of joint inter- service operations, rather than independent strategic air campaigns. He told the OKL in 1. Luftwaffe against the heart of the British will to resist could and would follow when the moment was right; however, he quickly developed a lively scepticism toward strategic bombing, confirmed by the results of the Blitz. He frequently complained of the Luftwaffe's inability to damage industries sufficiently, saying, . The amount of firm operational and tactical preparation for a bombing campaign was minimal, largely because of the failure by Hitler as supreme commander to insist upon such a commitment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook Allied strategy for one of morale breaking instead of one of economic warfare, with the collapse of morale as an additional bonus. As the mere threat of it had produced diplomatic results in the 1. German retaliation would persuade the Allies to adopt a policy of moderation and not to begin a policy of unrestricted bombing. When this proved impossible, he began to fear that popular feeling would turn against his regime, and he redoubled efforts to mount a similar . Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was . When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and G. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. Operations were carried out every night thereafter. Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1. Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Channel convoys, ports, and RAF airfields and supporting industries. Destroying RAF Fighter Command would allow the Germans to gain control of the skies over the invasion area. It was supposed that Bomber Command, RAF Coastal Command and the Royal Navy could not operate under conditions of German air superiority. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. Both the RAF and Luftwaffe struggled to replace manpower losses, though the Germans had larger reserves of trained aircrew. The circumstances affected the Germans more than the British. Operating over home territory, British flyers could fly again if they survived being shot down. German crews, even if they survived, faced capture. Moreover, bombers had four to five crewmen on board, representing a greater loss of manpower. German intelligence suggested Fighter Command was weakening, and an attack on London would force it into a final battle of annihilation while compelling the British Government to surrender. It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses further, a change in strategy was also favoured to take place at night, to give the bombers greater protection under cover of darkness. And should they declare they will greatly increase their attacks on our cities, then we will erase their cities. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 1. 5 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large- scale raid was launched in daylight, but suffered significant loss for no lasting gain. Although there were a few large air battles fought in daylight later in the month and into October, the Luftwaffe switched its main effort to night attacks in order to reduce losses. This became official policy on 7 October. |
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